Nervous
The neurological system represents one of the communication mechanisms in the horse’s body. The nervous system includes the brain, spinal cord, and branching nerves that conduct signals throughout the entire body.
Anatomically, the nervous system consists of two main areas: central, the brain and spinal cord; and peripheral, the nerves coming from the brain and spinal cord to innervate areas of the body. The control of the nervous system falls into two separate categories: the somatic and autonomic nervous systems. The somatic nervous system relays voluntary (conscious) signals to activate skeletal muscle movement to allow your horse to navigate its surroundings. In contrast, the autonomic nervous system relays involuntary (unconscious) signals to regions of the body to control your horse’s internal organs, such as the lungs, heart, and intestinal tract.
Indications that your horse may have a neurologic problem include: asymmetry of a body part, changes in gait, seizures, weakness, inability to rise/walk, incontinence, sudden blindness, behavior changes, and pain.
Common conditions affecting the equine nervous system include :
- Congenital abnormalities: Cervical Vertebral Malformations, Hydrocephalus
- Degenerative causes: Equine Degenerative Myeloencephalopathy (EDM), Cauda Equine Syndrome
- Infectious causes: Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM); Equine Herpesvirus (EHV); Rabies Virus; Verminous Encephalitis; West Nile Virus; Eastern, Western, and Venezualan Equine Encephalitis; Tetanus; Bacterial Meningitis; Inflammatory: Cervical Stenotic Myelopathy
- Metabolic: Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis, Hepatic Encephalopathy, Kidney Failure
- Nutrition: Selenium deficiency
- Toxins: Botulism, Tick Paralysis, Sorghum grass, Moldy Corn Disease, Locoweed, Yellow Star Thistle, Snake Bites
- Trauma to spinal cord and nerves